Potential Treatments for Refractory Vasospastic Angina
نویسندگان
چکیده
Vasospastic angina (VSA) is a common disease that causes rest/effort attacks globally. Coronary spasms occur in patients with and without atherosclerotic coronary stenosis based on the underlying causative mechanisms triggers. The first-line effective treatments, which are calcium channel blockers nitrates, have been established as shown multiple guidelines. However, it also well known some refractory VSA do not respond to standard therapy remain complain of symptom. Furthermore, severe clinical manifestations such acute syndrome lethal arrhythmia may occur, often disturb daily life. Thus, additional personalized treatments for individual patient mandatory. Although scientific reports high level evidence regarding limited, significant number published including case series showed successful empirical treatments. Each might be appropriate all but specific characteristics owing mechanism trigger spasm. In this review, optional pharmacological invasive described.
منابع مشابه
Potential relief for refractory angina.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of coronary artery disease
سال: 2021
ISSN: ['2434-2173']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7793/jcad.27.21-00012